From 150227f357c275f36411602701b71079ff8761de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tyranron <tyranron@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2023 19:14:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Make Clippy happy for 1.67 Rust

---
 juniper/src/ast.rs                            |  4 +--
 juniper/src/executor/look_ahead.rs            | 12 ++++----
 juniper/src/executor/mod.rs                   |  4 +--
 juniper/src/lib.rs                            |  4 +--
 juniper/src/parser/value.rs                   | 10 +++----
 juniper/src/types/async_await.rs              |  2 +-
 juniper/src/types/base.rs                     |  9 +++---
 juniper/src/types/subscriptions.rs            |  2 +-
 juniper/src/types/utilities.rs                |  2 +-
 juniper/src/validation/context.rs             |  4 +--
 juniper/src/validation/input_value.rs         | 14 ++++-----
 .../rules/arguments_of_correct_type.rs        |  2 +-
 .../rules/default_values_of_correct_type.rs   |  2 +-
 .../validation/rules/known_argument_names.rs  |  2 +-
 .../src/validation/rules/known_type_names.rs  |  6 ++--
 .../rules/no_undefined_variables.rs           |  6 ++--
 .../validation/rules/no_unused_variables.rs   |  4 +--
 .../rules/overlapping_fields_can_be_merged.rs | 29 ++++++-------------
 .../rules/provided_non_null_arguments.rs      |  4 +--
 .../validation/rules/unique_argument_names.rs |  2 +-
 .../rules/unique_input_field_names.rs         |  2 +-
 .../validation/rules/unique_variable_names.rs |  2 +-
 .../rules/variables_are_input_types.rs        |  2 +-
 .../rules/variables_in_allowed_position.rs    | 17 +++++------
 24 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-)

diff --git a/juniper/src/ast.rs b/juniper/src/ast.rs
index 68eb1be4..3a3c4de3 100644
--- a/juniper/src/ast.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/ast.rs
@@ -567,8 +567,8 @@ impl<'a, S> Arguments<'a, S> {
     pub fn get(&self, key: &str) -> Option<&Spanning<InputValue<S>>> {
         self.items
             .iter()
-            .filter(|&&(ref k, _)| k.item == key)
-            .map(|&(_, ref v)| v)
+            .filter(|&(k, _)| k.item == key)
+            .map(|(_, v)| v)
             .next()
     }
 }
diff --git a/juniper/src/executor/look_ahead.rs b/juniper/src/executor/look_ahead.rs
index 20437082..ac402323 100644
--- a/juniper/src/executor/look_ahead.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/executor/look_ahead.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ where
             ),
             InputValue::Object(ref o) => LookAheadValue::Object(
                 o.iter()
-                    .map(|&(ref n, ref i)| {
+                    .map(|(n, i)| {
                         (
                             &n.item as &str,
                             LookAheadValue::from_input_value(&i.item, vars),
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ where
     S: ScalarValue,
 {
     pub(super) fn new(
-        &(ref name, ref value): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
+        (name, value): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
         vars: &'a Variables<S>,
     ) -> Self {
         LookAheadArgument {
@@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ where
                     let d = &d.item;
                     let arguments = &d.arguments;
                     match (d.name.item, arguments) {
-                        ("include", &Some(ref a)) => a
+                        ("include", Some(a)) => a
                             .item
                             .items
                             .iter()
                             .find(|item| item.0.item == "if")
-                            .map(|&(_, ref v)| {
+                            .map(|(_, v)| {
                                 if let LookAheadValue::Scalar(s) =
                                     LookAheadValue::from_input_value(&v.item, vars)
                                 {
@@ -158,12 +158,12 @@ where
                                 }
                             })
                             .unwrap_or(false),
-                        ("skip", &Some(ref a)) => a
+                        ("skip", Some(a)) => a
                             .item
                             .items
                             .iter()
                             .find(|item| item.0.item == "if")
-                            .map(|&(_, ref v)| {
+                            .map(|(_, v)| {
                                 if let LookAheadValue::Scalar(b) =
                                     LookAheadValue::from_input_value(&v.item, vars)
                                 {
diff --git a/juniper/src/executor/mod.rs b/juniper/src/executor/mod.rs
index 9ab412d4..6230a8b4 100644
--- a/juniper/src/executor/mod.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/executor/mod.rs
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ where
         defs.item
             .items
             .iter()
-            .filter_map(|&(ref name, ref def)| {
+            .filter_map(|(name, def)| {
                 def.default_value
                     .as_ref()
                     .map(|i| (name.item.into(), i.item.clone()))
@@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ where
         defs.item
             .items
             .iter()
-            .filter_map(|&(ref name, ref def)| {
+            .filter_map(|(name, def)| {
                 def.default_value
                     .as_ref()
                     .map(|i| (name.item.into(), i.item.clone()))
diff --git a/juniper/src/lib.rs b/juniper/src/lib.rs
index ac1e0329..43326eb3 100644
--- a/juniper/src/lib.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/lib.rs
@@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ where
 }
 
 /// Execute the reference introspection query in the provided schema
-pub fn introspect<'a, S, QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT>(
-    root_node: &'a RootNode<QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT, S>,
+pub fn introspect<S, QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT>(
+    root_node: &RootNode<QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT, S>,
     context: &QueryT::Context,
     format: IntrospectionFormat,
 ) -> Result<(Value<S>, Vec<ExecutionError<S>>), GraphQLError>
diff --git a/juniper/src/parser/value.rs b/juniper/src/parser/value.rs
index f94f65c2..21f4518f 100644
--- a/juniper/src/parser/value.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/parser/value.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ where
                 item: Token::CurlyOpen,
                 ..
             },
-            Some(&MetaType::InputObject(ref o)),
+            Some(MetaType::InputObject(o)),
         ) => parse_object_literal(parser, is_const, schema, Some(o)),
         (
             &Spanning {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ where
                 item: Token::Scalar(_),
                 ..
             },
-            Some(&MetaType::Scalar(ref s)),
+            Some(MetaType::Scalar(s)),
         ) => {
             if let Spanning {
                 item: Token::Scalar(scalar),
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ where
 {
     let result = match token {
         ScalarToken::String(_) => {
-            if let Some(&MetaType::Scalar(ref s)) = schema.concrete_type_by_name("String") {
+            if let Some(MetaType::Scalar(s)) = schema.concrete_type_by_name("String") {
                 (s.parse_fn)(token).map(InputValue::Scalar)
             } else {
                 Err(ParseError::ExpectedScalarError(
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ where
             }
         }
         ScalarToken::Int(_) => {
-            if let Some(&MetaType::Scalar(ref s)) = schema.concrete_type_by_name("Int") {
+            if let Some(MetaType::Scalar(s)) = schema.concrete_type_by_name("Int") {
                 (s.parse_fn)(token).map(InputValue::Scalar)
             } else {
                 Err(ParseError::ExpectedScalarError(
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ where
             }
         }
         ScalarToken::Float(_) => {
-            if let Some(&MetaType::Scalar(ref s)) = schema.concrete_type_by_name("Float") {
+            if let Some(MetaType::Scalar(s)) = schema.concrete_type_by_name("Float") {
                 (s.parse_fn)(token).map(InputValue::Scalar)
             } else {
                 Err(ParseError::ExpectedScalarError(
diff --git a/juniper/src/types/async_await.rs b/juniper/src/types/async_await.rs
index 827a1d50..28fa6e90 100644
--- a/juniper/src/types/async_await.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/types/async_await.rs
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ where
                     f.arguments.as_ref().map(|m| {
                         m.item
                             .iter()
-                            .filter_map(|&(ref k, ref v)| {
+                            .filter_map(|(k, v)| {
                                 v.item.clone().into_const(exec_vars).map(|v| (k.item, v))
                             })
                             .collect()
diff --git a/juniper/src/types/base.rs b/juniper/src/types/base.rs
index 9d54fee0..795bdb40 100644
--- a/juniper/src/types/base.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/types/base.rs
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ where
                         f.arguments.as_ref().map(|m| {
                             m.item
                                 .iter()
-                                .filter_map(|&(ref k, ref v)| {
+                                .filter_map(|(k, v)| {
                                     v.item.clone().into_const(exec_vars).map(|v| (k.item, v))
                                 })
                                 .collect()
@@ -596,10 +596,9 @@ pub(super) fn is_excluded<S>(
 where
     S: ScalarValue,
 {
-    if let Some(ref directives) = *directives {
-        for &Spanning {
-            item: ref directive,
-            ..
+    if let Some(directives) = directives {
+        for Spanning {
+            item: directive, ..
         } in directives
         {
             let condition: bool = directive
diff --git a/juniper/src/types/subscriptions.rs b/juniper/src/types/subscriptions.rs
index e1f42fdf..63fa14e4 100644
--- a/juniper/src/types/subscriptions.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/types/subscriptions.rs
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ where
                     f.arguments.as_ref().map(|m| {
                         m.item
                             .iter()
-                            .filter_map(|&(ref k, ref v)| {
+                            .filter_map(|(k, v)| {
                                 v.item.clone().into_const(exec_vars).map(|v| (k.item, v))
                             })
                             .collect()
diff --git a/juniper/src/types/utilities.rs b/juniper/src/types/utilities.rs
index f1be0792..f0e44b1f 100644
--- a/juniper/src/types/utilities.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/types/utilities.rs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ where
                             })
                             .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
 
-                        let all_types_ok = obj.iter().all(|&(ref key, ref value)| {
+                        let all_types_ok = obj.iter().all(|(key, value)| {
                             remaining_required_fields.remove(&key.item);
                             if let Some(ref arg_type) = input_fields
                                 .iter()
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/context.rs b/juniper/src/validation/context.rs
index c96c0491..d98c5142 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/context.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/context.rs
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ impl<'a, S: Debug> ValidatorContext<'a, S> {
     #[doc(hidden)]
     pub fn current_type_literal(&self) -> Option<&Type<'a>> {
         match self.type_literal_stack.last() {
-            Some(&Some(ref t)) => Some(t),
+            Some(Some(t)) => Some(t),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl<'a, S: Debug> ValidatorContext<'a, S> {
     #[doc(hidden)]
     pub fn current_input_type_literal(&self) -> Option<&Type<'a>> {
         match self.input_type_literal_stack.last() {
-            Some(&Some(ref t)) => Some(t),
+            Some(Some(t)) => Some(t),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/input_value.rs b/juniper/src/validation/input_value.rs
index 780a0ab3..432126f8 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/input_value.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/input_value.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn validate_var_defs<S>(
 ) where
     S: ScalarValue,
 {
-    for &(ref name, ref def) in var_defs.iter() {
+    for (name, def) in var_defs.iter() {
         let raw_type_name = def.var_type.item.innermost_name();
         match schema.concrete_type_by_name(raw_type_name) {
             Some(t) if t.is_input() => {
@@ -188,12 +188,12 @@ where
     errors
 }
 
-fn unify_scalar<'a, S>(
+fn unify_scalar<S>(
     var_name: &str,
     var_pos: &SourcePosition,
     value: &InputValue<S>,
     meta: &ScalarMeta<S>,
-    path: &Path<'a>,
+    path: &Path<'_>,
 ) -> Vec<RuleError>
 where
     S: ScalarValue,
@@ -231,12 +231,12 @@ where
     errors
 }
 
-fn unify_enum<'a, S>(
+fn unify_enum<S>(
     var_name: &str,
     var_pos: &SourcePosition,
     value: &InputValue<S>,
     meta: &EnumMeta<S>,
-    path: &Path<'a>,
+    path: &Path<'_>,
 ) -> Vec<RuleError>
 where
     S: ScalarValue,
@@ -277,13 +277,13 @@ where
     errors
 }
 
-fn unify_input_object<'a, S>(
+fn unify_input_object<S>(
     var_name: &str,
     var_pos: &SourcePosition,
     value: &InputValue<S>,
     meta: &InputObjectMeta<S>,
     schema: &SchemaType<S>,
-    path: &Path<'a>,
+    path: &Path<'_>,
 ) -> Vec<RuleError>
 where
     S: ScalarValue,
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/arguments_of_correct_type.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/arguments_of_correct_type.rs
index 2c7aadbe..85a8959f 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/arguments_of_correct_type.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/arguments_of_correct_type.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ where
     fn enter_argument(
         &mut self,
         ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(ref arg_name, ref arg_value): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
+        (arg_name, arg_value): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
     ) {
         if let Some(argument_meta) = self
             .current_args
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/default_values_of_correct_type.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/default_values_of_correct_type.rs
index 2d15f854..f3d25462 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/default_values_of_correct_type.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/default_values_of_correct_type.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ where
     fn enter_variable_definition(
         &mut self,
         ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(ref var_name, ref var_def): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
+        (var_name, var_def): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
     ) {
         if let Some(Spanning {
             item: ref var_value,
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/known_argument_names.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/known_argument_names.rs
index d652caf3..3239b514 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/known_argument_names.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/known_argument_names.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ where
     fn enter_argument(
         &mut self,
         ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(ref arg_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
+        (arg_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
     ) {
         if let Some((ref pos, args)) = self.current_args {
             if !args.iter().any(|a| a.name == arg_name.item) {
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/known_type_names.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/known_type_names.rs
index 4f2dffc2..7f926b59 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/known_type_names.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/known_type_names.rs
@@ -38,15 +38,15 @@ where
     fn enter_variable_definition(
         &mut self,
         ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(_, ref var_def): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
+        (_, var_def): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
     ) {
         let type_name = var_def.var_type.item.innermost_name();
         validate_type(ctx, type_name, &var_def.var_type.start);
     }
 }
 
-fn validate_type<'a, S: Debug>(
-    ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
+fn validate_type<S: Debug>(
+    ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'_, S>,
     type_name: &str,
     location: &SourcePosition,
 ) {
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/no_undefined_variables.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/no_undefined_variables.rs
index 6e382b23..64c45519 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/no_undefined_variables.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/no_undefined_variables.rs
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ where
     S: ScalarValue,
 {
     fn exit_document(&mut self, ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>, _: &'a Document<S>) {
-        for (op_name, &(ref pos, ref def_vars)) in &self.defined_variables {
+        for (op_name, (pos, def_vars)) in &self.defined_variables {
             let mut unused = Vec::new();
             let mut visited = HashSet::new();
             self.find_undef_vars(
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ where
     fn enter_variable_definition(
         &mut self,
         _: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(ref var_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
+        (var_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
     ) {
         if let Some(Scope::Operation(ref name)) = self.current_scope {
             if let Some(&mut (_, ref mut vars)) = self.defined_variables.get_mut(name) {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ where
     fn enter_argument(
         &mut self,
         _: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(_, ref value): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
+        (_, value): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
     ) {
         if let Some(ref scope) = self.current_scope {
             self.used_variables
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/no_unused_variables.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/no_unused_variables.rs
index 81b7dfb3..96294be3 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/no_unused_variables.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/no_unused_variables.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ where
     fn enter_variable_definition(
         &mut self,
         _: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(ref var_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
+        (var_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
     ) {
         if let Some(Scope::Operation(ref name)) = self.current_scope {
             if let Some(vars) = self.defined_variables.get_mut(name) {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ where
     fn enter_argument(
         &mut self,
         _: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(_, ref value): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
+        (_, value): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
     ) {
         if let Some(ref scope) = self.current_scope {
             self.used_variables
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/overlapping_fields_can_be_merged.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/overlapping_fields_can_be_merged.rs
index b8360ca0..0555f6e8 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/overlapping_fields_can_be_merged.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/overlapping_fields_can_be_merged.rs
@@ -447,8 +447,7 @@ impl<'a, S: Debug> OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged<'a, S> {
             }
         }
 
-        if let (&Some(ref s1), &Some(ref s2)) = (&ast1.item.selection_set, &ast2.item.selection_set)
-        {
+        if let (Some(s1), Some(s2)) = (&ast1.item.selection_set, &ast2.item.selection_set) {
             let conflicts = self.find_conflicts_between_sub_selection_sets(
                 mutually_exclusive,
                 t1.map(Type::innermost_name),
@@ -547,19 +546,11 @@ impl<'a, S: Debug> OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged<'a, S> {
             ),
             vec![*pos1]
                 .into_iter()
-                .chain(
-                    conflicts
-                        .iter()
-                        .flat_map(|&Conflict(_, ref fs1, _)| fs1.clone()),
-                )
+                .chain(conflicts.iter().flat_map(|Conflict(_, fs1, _)| fs1.clone()))
                 .collect(),
             vec![*pos2]
                 .into_iter()
-                .chain(
-                    conflicts
-                        .iter()
-                        .flat_map(|&Conflict(_, _, ref fs2)| fs2.clone()),
-                )
+                .chain(conflicts.iter().flat_map(|Conflict(_, _, fs2)| fs2.clone()))
                 .collect(),
         ))
     }
@@ -615,10 +606,8 @@ impl<'a, S: Debug> OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged<'a, S> {
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                args1.iter().all(|&(ref n1, ref v1)| {
-                    if let Some(&(_, ref v2)) =
-                        args2.iter().find(|&&(ref n2, _)| n1.item == n2.item)
-                    {
+                args1.iter().all(|(n1, v1)| {
+                    if let Some((_, v2)) = args2.iter().find(|&(n2, _)| n1.item == n2.item) {
                         v1.item.unlocated_eq(&v2.item)
                     } else {
                         false
@@ -756,11 +745,11 @@ fn error_message(reason_name: &str, reason: &ConflictReasonMessage) -> String {
 }
 
 fn format_reason(reason: &ConflictReasonMessage) -> String {
-    match *reason {
-        ConflictReasonMessage::Message(ref name) => name.clone(),
-        ConflictReasonMessage::Nested(ref nested) => nested
+    match reason {
+        ConflictReasonMessage::Message(name) => name.clone(),
+        ConflictReasonMessage::Nested(nested) => nested
             .iter()
-            .map(|&ConflictReason(ref name, ref subreason)| {
+            .map(|ConflictReason(name, subreason)| {
                 format!(
                     r#"subfields "{name}" conflict because {}"#,
                     format_reason(subreason),
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/provided_non_null_arguments.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/provided_non_null_arguments.rs
index 35672e18..6c8d07a9 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/provided_non_null_arguments.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/provided_non_null_arguments.rs
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ where
     ) {
         let directive_name = &directive.item.name.item;
 
-        if let Some(&DirectiveType {
-            arguments: ref meta_args,
+        if let Some(DirectiveType {
+            arguments: meta_args,
             ..
         }) = ctx.schema.directive_by_name(directive_name)
         {
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_argument_names.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_argument_names.rs
index 697e0a27..cbfe510c 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_argument_names.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_argument_names.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ where
     fn enter_argument(
         &mut self,
         ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(ref arg_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
+        (arg_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
     ) {
         match self.known_names.entry(arg_name.item) {
             Entry::Occupied(e) => {
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_input_field_names.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_input_field_names.rs
index 7108c767..7e3b1d02 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_input_field_names.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_input_field_names.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ where
     fn enter_object_field(
         &mut self,
         ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(ref field_name, _): &'a (Spanning<String>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
+        (field_name, _): &'a (Spanning<String>, Spanning<InputValue<S>>),
     ) {
         if let Some(ref mut known_names) = self.known_name_stack.last_mut() {
             match known_names.entry(&field_name.item) {
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_variable_names.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_variable_names.rs
index 738e634b..fa146122 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_variable_names.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/unique_variable_names.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ where
     fn enter_variable_definition(
         &mut self,
         ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(ref var_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
+        (var_name, _): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
     ) {
         match self.names.entry(var_name.item) {
             Entry::Occupied(e) => {
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/variables_are_input_types.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/variables_are_input_types.rs
index 168119d6..1ba363fe 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/variables_are_input_types.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/variables_are_input_types.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ where
     fn enter_variable_definition(
         &mut self,
         ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
-        &(ref var_name, ref var_def): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
+        (var_name, var_def): &'a (Spanning<&'a str>, VariableDefinition<S>),
     ) {
         if let Some(var_type) = ctx
             .schema
diff --git a/juniper/src/validation/rules/variables_in_allowed_position.rs b/juniper/src/validation/rules/variables_in_allowed_position.rs
index 776f12db..4accb708 100644
--- a/juniper/src/validation/rules/variables_in_allowed_position.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/validation/rules/variables_in_allowed_position.rs
@@ -79,18 +79,15 @@ impl<'a, S: fmt::Debug> VariableInAllowedPosition<'a, S> {
         visited.insert(from.clone());
 
         if let Some(usages) = self.variable_usages.get(from) {
-            for &(ref var_name, ref var_type) in usages {
-                if let Some(&&(ref var_def_name, ref var_def)) = var_defs
-                    .iter()
-                    .find(|&&&(ref n, _)| n.item == var_name.item)
+            for (var_name, var_type) in usages {
+                if let Some(&(var_def_name, var_def)) =
+                    var_defs.iter().find(|&&(n, _)| n.item == var_name.item)
                 {
                     let expected_type = match (&var_def.default_value, &var_def.var_type.item) {
-                        (&Some(_), &Type::List(ref inner, expected_size)) => {
-                            Type::NonNullList(inner.clone(), expected_size)
-                        }
-                        (&Some(_), &Type::Named(ref inner)) => {
-                            Type::NonNullNamed(Cow::Borrowed(inner))
+                        (&Some(_), Type::List(inner, expected_size)) => {
+                            Type::NonNullList(inner.clone(), *expected_size)
                         }
+                        (&Some(_), Type::Named(inner)) => Type::NonNullNamed(Cow::Borrowed(inner)),
                         (_, t) => t.clone(),
                     };
 
@@ -165,7 +162,7 @@ where
         ctx: &mut ValidatorContext<'a, S>,
         var_name: Spanning<&'a String>,
     ) {
-        if let (&Some(ref scope), Some(input_type)) =
+        if let (Some(scope), Some(input_type)) =
             (&self.current_scope, ctx.current_input_type_literal())
         {
             self.variable_usages