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< ol class = "chapter" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../introduction.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.< / strong > Introduction< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../quickstart.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.< / strong > Quickstart< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.< / strong > Type system< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/objects/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.< / strong > Objects< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/objects/complex_fields.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.1.< / strong > Complex fields< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/objects/context.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.2.< / strong > Context< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/objects/error/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.3.< / strong > Error handling< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/objects/error/field.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.3.1.< / strong > Field errors< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/objects/error/schema.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.3.2.< / strong > Schema errors< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/objects/generics.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.1.4.< / strong > Generics< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/interfaces.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.2.< / strong > Interfaces< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/unions.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.3.< / strong > Unions< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/enums.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.4.< / strong > Enums< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/input_objects.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.5.< / strong > Input objects< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../types/scalars.html" class = "active" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.6.< / strong > Scalars< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../schema/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.< / strong > Schema< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../schema/subscriptions.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.< / strong > Subscriptions< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../schema/introspection.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.2.< / strong > Introspection< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../serve/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.< / strong > Serving< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../serve/batching.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.1.< / strong > Batching< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../advanced/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.< / strong > Advanced Topics< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../advanced/implicit_and_explicit_null.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.1.< / strong > Implicit and explicit null< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../advanced/n_plus_1.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.2.< / strong > N+1 problem< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../advanced/dataloader.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.2.1.< / strong > DataLoader< / a > < / li > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../advanced/lookahead.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.2.2.< / strong > Look-ahead< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li class = "chapter-item expanded " > < a href = "../advanced/eager_loading.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 6.2.2.1.< / strong > Eager loading< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < / ol >
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< h1 id = "scalars" > < a class = "header" href = "#scalars" > Scalars< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars" > GraphQL scalars< / a > represent primitive leaf values in a GraphQL type system: numbers, strings, and booleans.< / p >
< h2 id = "built-in" > < a class = "header" href = "#built-in" > Built-in< / a > < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper" > Juniper< / a > provides support for all the < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021/#sec-Scalars.Built-in-Scalars" > built-in scalars< / a > .< / p >
< div class = "table-wrapper" > < table > < thead > < tr > < th > < a href = "https://www.rust-lang.org" > Rust< / a > types< / th > < th > < a href = "https://graphql.org" > GraphQL< / a > scalar< / th > < / tr > < / thead > < tbody >
< tr > < td > < code > bool< / code > < / td > < td > < code > Boolean< / code > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > i32< / code > < / td > < td > < code > Int< / code > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > f64< / code > < / td > < td > < code > Float< / code > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > String< / code > , < code > & str< / code > < / td > < td > < code > String< / code > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < code > juniper::ID< / code > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-ID" > < code > ID< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< / tbody > < / table >
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< blockquote >
< p > < strong > NOTE< / strong > : < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-ID" > < code > ID< / code > < / a > scalar is < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-ID" > defined in the GraphQL spec< / a > as a type that is serialized as a string, but can be parsed from both a string and an integer.< / p >
< / blockquote >
< blockquote >
< p > < strong > TIP< / strong > : There is no built-in support for < code > i64< / code > , < code > u64< / code > , or other < a href = "https://www.rust-lang.org" > Rust< / a > integer types, as the < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sel-FAHXJDCAACKB1qb" > GraphQL spec doesn't define any built-in scalars for them< / a > by default. Instead, to be supported, they should be defined as < a href = "#custom" > custom scalars< / a > in a < a href = "https://graphql.org/learn/schema" > GraphQL schema< / a > .< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h2 id = "custom" > < a class = "header" href = "#custom" > Custom< / a > < / h2 >
< p > We can create < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars.Custom-Scalars" > custom scalars< / a > for other primitive values, but they are still < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sel-FAHXJDCAACKB1qb" > limited in the data types for representation< / a > , and only introduce additional semantic meaning. This, also, often requires coordination with the client library, intended to consume the API we're building.< / p >
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< p > < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars.Custom-Scalars" > Custom scalars< / a > can be defined in < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper" > Juniper< / a > by using either < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper/0.16.1/juniper/derive.GraphQLScalar.html" > < code > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]< / code > < / a > or < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper/0.16.1/juniper/attr.graphql_scalar.html" > < code > #[graphql_scalar]< / code > < / a > attributes, which do work pretty much the same way (except, < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper/0.16.1/juniper/derive.GraphQLScalar.html" > < code > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]< / code > < / a > cannot be used on < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/type-aliases.html" > type aliases< / a > ).< / p >
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< h3 id = "transparent-delegation" > < a class = "header" href = "#transparent-delegation" > Transparent delegation< / a > < / h3 >
< p > Quite often, we want to create a < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars.Custom-Scalars" > custom GraphQL scalar< / a > type by just wrapping an existing one, inheriting all its behavior. In < a href = "https://www.rust-lang.org" > Rust< / a > , this is often called as < a href = "https://rust-unofficial.github.io/patterns/patterns/behavioural/newtype.html" > "newtype pattern"< / a > . This may be achieved by providing a < code > #[graphql(transparent)]< / code > attribute to the definition:< / p >
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< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust edition2021" > < span class = "boring" > extern crate juniper;
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > use juniper::{graphql_scalar, GraphQLScalar};
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< / span > < span class = "boring" >
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< / span > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]
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#[graphql(transparent)]
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pub struct UserId(i32);
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// Using `#[graphql_scalar]` attribute here makes no difference, and is fully
// interchangeable with `#[derive(GraphQLScalar)]`. It's only up to the
// personal preference - which one to use.
#[graphql_scalar]
#[graphql(transparent)]
pub struct MessageId {
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value: i32,
}
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< span class = "boring" >
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn main() {}< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / pre >
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< p > That's it, now the < code > UserId< / code > and < code > MessageId< / code > < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars" > scalars< / a > can be used in < a href = "https://graphql.org/learn/schema" > GraphQL schema< / a > .< / p >
< p > We may also customize the definition, to provide more information about our < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars.Custom-Scalars" > custom scalar< / a > in < a href = "https://graphql.org/learn/schema" > GraphQL schema< / a > :< / p >
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< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust edition2021" > < span class = "boring" > extern crate juniper;
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > use juniper::GraphQLScalar;
< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > /// You can use a Rust doc comment to specify a description in GraphQL schema.
#[derive(GraphQLScalar)]
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#[graphql(
transparent,
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// Overwrite the name of this type in the GraphQL schema.
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name = "MyUserId",
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// Specifying a type description via attribute takes precedence over the
// Rust doc comment, which allows to separate Rust API docs from GraphQL
// schema descriptions, if required.
description = "Actual description.",
// Optional specification URL.
specified_by_url = "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122",
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)]
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pub struct UserId(String);
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< span class = "boring" >
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn main() {}< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "resolving" > < a class = "header" href = "#resolving" > Resolving< / a > < / h3 >
< p > In case we need to customize < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Value-Resolution" > resolving< / a > of a < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars.Custom-Scalars" > custom GraphQL scalar< / a > value (change the way it gets executed), the < code > #[graphql(to_output_with = < fn path> )]< / code > attribute is the way to do so:< / p >
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< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust edition2021" > < span class = "boring" > extern crate juniper;
< / span > < span class = "boring" > use juniper::{GraphQLScalar, ScalarValue, Value};
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< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]
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#[graphql(to_output_with = to_output, transparent)]
struct Incremented(i32);
/// Increments [`Incremented`] before converting into a [`Value`].
fn to_output< S: ScalarValue> (v: & Incremented) -> Value< S> {
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let inc = v.0 + 1;
Value::from(inc)
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}
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< span class = "boring" >
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn main() {}< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "input-value-parsing" > < a class = "header" href = "#input-value-parsing" > Input value parsing< / a > < / h3 >
< p > Customization of a < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars.Custom-Scalars" > custom GraphQL scalar< / a > value parsing is possible via < code > #[graphql(from_input_with = < fn path> )]< / code > attribute:< / p >
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< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust edition2021" > < span class = "boring" > extern crate juniper;
< / span > < span class = "boring" > use juniper::{GraphQLScalar, InputValue, ScalarValue};
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< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]
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#[graphql(from_input_with = Self::from_input, transparent)]
struct UserId(String);
impl UserId {
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/// Checks whether the [`InputValue`] is a [`String`] beginning with `id: `
/// and strips it.
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fn from_input< S> (input: & InputValue< S> ) -> Result< Self, String>
where
S: ScalarValue
{
input.as_string_value()
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.ok_or_else(|| format!("Expected `String`, found: {input}"))
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.and_then(|str| {
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str.strip_prefix("id: ")
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.ok_or_else(|| {
format!(
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"Expected `UserId` to begin with `id: `, \
found: {input}",
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)
})
})
.map(|id| Self(id.to_owned()))
}
}
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< span class = "boring" >
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn main() {}< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "token-parsing" > < a class = "header" href = "#token-parsing" > Token parsing< / a > < / h3 >
< p > Customization of which tokens a < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars" > custom GraphQL scalar< / a > type should be parsed from, is possible via < code > #[graphql(parse_token_with = < fn path> )]< / code > or < code > #[graphql(parse_token(< types> )]< / code > attributes:< / p >
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< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust edition2021" > < span class = "boring" > extern crate juniper;
< / span > < span class = "boring" > use juniper::{
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > GraphQLScalar, InputValue, ParseScalarResult, ParseScalarValue,
< / span > < span class = "boring" > ScalarValue, ScalarToken, Value,
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > };
< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]
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#[graphql(
to_output_with = to_output,
from_input_with = from_input,
parse_token_with = parse_token,
)]
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// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Can be replaced with `parse_token(String, i32)`, which
// tries to parse as `String` first, and then as `i32` if
// prior fails.
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enum StringOrInt {
String(String),
Int(i32),
}
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fn to_output< S: ScalarValue> (v: & StringOrInt) -> Value< S> {
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match v {
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StringOrInt::String(s) => Value::scalar(s.to_owned()),
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StringOrInt::Int(i) => Value::scalar(*i),
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}
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}
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fn from_input< S: ScalarValue> (v: & InputValue< S> ) -> Result< StringOrInt, String> {
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v.as_string_value()
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.map(|s| StringOrInt::String(s.into()))
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.or_else(|| v.as_int_value().map(StringOrInt::Int))
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.ok_or_else(|| format!("Expected `String` or `Int`, found: {v}"))
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}
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fn parse_token< S: ScalarValue> (value: ScalarToken< '_> ) -> ParseScalarResult< S> {
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< String as ParseScalarValue< S> > ::from_str(value)
.or_else(|_| < i32 as ParseScalarValue< S> > ::from_str(value))
}
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< span class = "boring" >
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn main() {}< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / pre >
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< blockquote >
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< p > < strong > NOTE< / strong > : Once we provide all 3 custom functions, there is no sense to follow < a href = "https://rust-unofficial.github.io/patterns/patterns/behavioural/newtype.html" > newtype pattern< / a > anymore, as nothing left to inherit.< / p >
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< / blockquote >
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< h3 id = "full-behavior" > < a class = "header" href = "#full-behavior" > Full behavior< / a > < / h3 >
< p > Instead of providing all custom functions separately, it's possible to provide a module holding the appropriate < code > to_output()< / code > , < code > from_input()< / code > and < code > parse_token()< / code > functions via < code > #[graphql(with = < module path> )]< / code > attribute:< / p >
< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust edition2021" > < span class = "boring" > extern crate juniper;
< / span > < span class = "boring" > use juniper::{
< / span > < span class = "boring" > GraphQLScalar, InputValue, ParseScalarResult, ParseScalarValue,
< / span > < span class = "boring" > ScalarValue, ScalarToken, Value,
< / span > < span class = "boring" > };
< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]
#[graphql(with = string_or_int)]
enum StringOrInt {
String(String),
Int(i32),
}
mod string_or_int {
use super::*;
pub(super) fn to_output< S: ScalarValue> (v: & StringOrInt) -> Value< S> {
match v {
StringOrInt::String(s) => Value::scalar(s.to_owned()),
StringOrInt::Int(i) => Value::scalar(*i),
}
}
pub(super) fn from_input< S: ScalarValue> (v: & InputValue< S> ) -> Result< StringOrInt, String> {
v.as_string_value()
.map(|s| StringOrInt::String(s.into()))
.or_else(|| v.as_int_value().map(StringOrInt::Int))
.ok_or_else(|| format!("Expected `String` or `Int`, found: {v}"))
}
pub(super) fn parse_token< S: ScalarValue> (t: ScalarToken< '_> ) -> ParseScalarResult< S> {
< String as ParseScalarValue< S> > ::from_str(t)
.or_else(|_| < i32 as ParseScalarValue< S> > ::from_str(t))
}
}
< span class = "boring" >
< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn main() {}< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / pre >
< p > A regular < code > impl< / code > block is also suitable for that:< / p >
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< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust edition2021" > < span class = "boring" > extern crate juniper;
< / span > < span class = "boring" > use juniper::{
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > GraphQLScalar, InputValue, ParseScalarResult, ParseScalarValue,
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > ScalarValue, ScalarToken, Value,
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > };
< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]
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// #[graphql(with = Self)] < - default behaviour, so can be omitted
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enum StringOrInt {
String(String),
Int(i32),
}
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impl StringOrInt {
fn to_output< S: ScalarValue> (& self) -> Value< S> {
match self {
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Self::String(s) => Value::scalar(s.to_owned()),
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Self::Int(i) => Value::scalar(*i),
}
}
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fn from_input< S> (v: & InputValue< S> ) -> Result< Self, String>
where
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S: ScalarValue
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{
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v.as_string_value()
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.map(|s| Self::String(s.into()))
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.or_else(|| v.as_int_value().map(Self::Int))
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.ok_or_else(|| format!("Expected `String` or `Int`, found: {v}"))
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}
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fn parse_token< S> (value: ScalarToken< '_> ) -> ParseScalarResult< S>
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where
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S: ScalarValue
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{
< String as ParseScalarValue< S> > ::from_str(value)
.or_else(|_| < i32 as ParseScalarValue< S> > ::from_str(value))
}
}
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< span class = "boring" >
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn main() {}< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / pre >
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< p > At the same time, any custom function still may be specified separately, if required:< / p >
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< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust edition2021" > < span class = "boring" > extern crate juniper;
< / span > < span class = "boring" > use juniper::{
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > GraphQLScalar, InputValue, ParseScalarResult, ScalarValue,
< / span > < span class = "boring" > ScalarToken, Value
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > };
< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]
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#[graphql(
with = string_or_int,
parse_token(String, i32)
)]
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enum StringOrInt {
String(String),
Int(i32),
}
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mod string_or_int {
use super::*;
pub(super) fn to_output< S> (v: & StringOrInt) -> Value< S>
where
S: ScalarValue,
{
match v {
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StringOrInt::String(s) => Value::scalar(s.to_owned()),
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StringOrInt::Int(i) => Value::scalar(*i),
}
}
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pub(super) fn from_input< S> (v: & InputValue< S> ) -> Result< StringOrInt, String>
where
S: ScalarValue,
{
v.as_string_value()
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.map(|s| StringOrInt::String(s.into()))
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.or_else(|| v.as_int_value().map(StringOrInt::Int))
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.ok_or_else(|| format!("Expected `String` or `Int`, found: {v}"))
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}
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// No need in `parse_token()` function.
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}
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< span class = "boring" >
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn main() {}< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / pre >
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< blockquote >
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< p > < strong > TIP< / strong > : See more available features in the API docs of the < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper/0.16.1/juniper/derive.GraphQLScalar.html" > < code > #[derive(GraphQLScalar)]< / code > < / a > and < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper/0.16.1/juniper/attr.graphql_scalar.html" > < code > #[graphql_scalar]< / code > < / a > attributes.< / p >
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< / blockquote >
< h2 id = "foreign" > < a class = "header" href = "#foreign" > Foreign< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > For implementing < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars.Custom-Scalars" > custom scalars< / a > on foreign types there is < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper/0.16.1/juniper/attr.graphql_scalar.html" > < code > #[graphql_scalar]< / code > < / a > attribute.< / p >
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< blockquote >
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< p > < strong > NOTE< / strong > : To satisfy < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/implementations.html#orphan-rules" > orphan rules< / a > , we should provide a local < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper/0.16.1/juniper/trait.ScalarValue.html" > < code > ScalarValue< / code > < / a > implementation.< / p >
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< / blockquote >
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< pre > < pre class = "playground" > < code class = "language-rust edition2021" > < span class = "boring" > extern crate juniper;
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > mod date {
< / span > < span class = "boring" > pub struct Date;
< / span > < span class = "boring" > impl std::str::FromStr for Date {
< / span > < span class = "boring" > type Err = String;
< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn from_str(_value: & str) -> Result< Self, Self::Err> {
< / span > < span class = "boring" > unimplemented!()
< / span > < span class = "boring" > }
< / span > < span class = "boring" > }
< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > < span class = "boring" > impl std::fmt::Display for Date {
< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn fmt(& self, _f: & mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
< / span > < span class = "boring" > unimplemented!()
< / span > < span class = "boring" > }
< / span > < span class = "boring" > }
< / span > < span class = "boring" > }
< / span > < span class = "boring" >
< / span > < span class = "boring" > use juniper::DefaultScalarValue as CustomScalarValue;
< / span > use juniper::{graphql_scalar, InputValue, ScalarValue, Value};
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#[graphql_scalar(
with = date_scalar,
parse_token(String),
scalar = CustomScalarValue,
)]
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// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ local `ScalarValue` implementation
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type Date = date::Date;
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// ^^^^^^^^^^ type from another crate
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mod date_scalar {
use super::*;
pub(super) fn to_output(v: & Date) -> Value< CustomScalarValue> {
Value::scalar(v.to_string())
}
pub(super) fn from_input(v: & InputValue< CustomScalarValue> ) -> Result< Date, String> {
v.as_string_value()
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.ok_or_else(|| format!("Expected `String`, found: {v}"))
.and_then(|s| s.parse().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to parse `Date`: {e}")))
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}
}
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< span class = "boring" >
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< / span > < span class = "boring" > fn main() {}< / span > < / code > < / pre > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "supported-out-of-the-box" > < a class = "header" href = "#supported-out-of-the-box" > Supported out-of-the-box< / a > < / h3 >
< p > < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper" > Juniper< / a > provides out-of-the-box < a href = "https://spec.graphql.org/October2021#sec-Scalars" > GraphQL scalar< / a > implementations for some very common < a href = "https://www.rust-lang.org" > Rust< / a > crates. The types from these crates will be usable in your schemas automatically after enabling the correspondent self-titled < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/features.html" > Cargo feature< / a > .< / p >
< div class = "table-wrapper" > < table > < thead > < tr > < th > < a href = "https://www.rust-lang.org" > Rust< / a > type< / th > < th > < a href = "https://graphql.org" > GraphQL< / a > scalar< / th > < th > < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/features.html" > Cargo feature< / a > < / th > < / tr > < / thead > < tbody >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/bigdecimal/latest/bigdecimal/struct.BigDecimal.html" > < code > bigdecimal::BigDecimal< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < code > BigDecimal< / code > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/bigdecimal" > < code > bigdecimal< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/bson/latest/bson/oid/struct.ObjectId.html" > < code > bson::oid::ObjectId< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://the-guild.dev/graphql/scalars/docs/scalars/object-id" > < code > ObjectID< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/bson" > < code > bson< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/bson/latest/bson/struct.DateTime.html" > < code > bson::DateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/date-time" > < code > DateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/bson" > < code > bson< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/naive/struct.NaiveDate.html" > < code > chrono::NaiveDate< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/local-date" > < code > LocalDate< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono" > < code > chrono< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/naive/struct.NaiveTime.html" > < code > chrono::NaiveTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/local-time" > < code > LocalTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono" > < code > chrono< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/naive/struct.NaiveDateTime.html" > < code > chrono::NaiveDateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/local-date-time" > < code > LocalDateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono" > < code > chrono< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/struct.DateTime.html" > < code > chrono::DateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/date-time" > < code > DateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono" > < code > chrono< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono-tz/latest/chrono_tz/enum.Tz.html" > < code > chrono_tz::Tz< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/time-zone" > < code > TimeZone< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/chrono-tz" > < code > chrono-tz< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/rust_decimal/latest/rust_decimal/struct.Decimal.html" > < code > rust_decimal::Decimal< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < code > Decimal< / code > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/rust_decimal" > < code > rust_decimal< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/civil/struct.Date.html" > < code > jiff::civil::Date< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/local-date" > < code > LocalDate< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff" > < code > jiff< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/civil/struct.Time.html" > < code > jiff::civil::Time< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/local-time" > < code > LocalTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff" > < code > jiff< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/civil/struct.DateTime.html" > < code > jiff::civil::DateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/local-date-time" > < code > LocalDateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff" > < code > jiff< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/struct.Timestamp.html" > < code > jiff::Timestamp< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/date-time" > < code > DateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff" > < code > jiff< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/struct.Zoned.html" > < code > jiff::Zoned< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < code > ZonedDateTime< / code > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff" > < code > jiff< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/tz/struct.TimeZone.html" > < code > jiff::tz::TimeZone< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < code > TimeZoneOrUtcOffset< / code > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff" > < code > jiff< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/tz/struct.TimeZone.html" > < code > jiff::tz::TimeZone< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/time-zone" > < code > TimeZone< / code > < / a > < sup class = "footnote-reference" > < a href = "#n1" > 1< / a > < / sup > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff" > < code > jiff< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/tz/struct.Offset.html" > < code > jiff::tz::Offset< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/utc-offset" > < code > UtcOffset< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff" > < code > jiff< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff/latest/jiff/struct.Span.html" > < code > jiff::Span< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/duration" > < code > Duration< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/jiff" > < code > jiff< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time/latest/time/struct.Date.html" > < code > time::Date< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/local-date" > < code > LocalDate< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time" > < code > time< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time/latest/time/struct.Time.html" > < code > time::Time< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/local-time" > < code > LocalTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time" > < code > time< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time/latest/time/struct.PrimitiveDateTime.html" > < code > time::PrimitiveDateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/local-date-time" > < code > LocalDateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time" > < code > time< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time/latest/time/struct.OffsetDateTime.html" > < code > time::OffsetDateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/date-time" > < code > DateTime< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time" > < code > time< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time/latest/time/struct.UtcOffset.html" > < code > time::UtcOffset< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://graphql-scalars.dev/docs/scalars/utc-offset" > < code > UtcOffset< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/time" > < code > time< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/url/latest/url/struct.Url.html" > < code > url::Url< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/url" > < code > URL< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/url" > < code > url< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
< tr > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/uuid/latest/uuid/struct.Uuid.html" > < code > uuid::Uuid< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/uuid" > < code > UUID< / code > < / a > < / td > < td > < a href = "https://docs.rs/uuid" > < code > uuid< / code > < / a > < / td > < / tr >
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< div class = "footnote-definition" id = "n1" > < sup class = "footnote-definition-label" > 1< / sup >
< p > Conversion supported via newtype < a href = "https://docs.rs/juniper/0.16.1/juniper/integrations/jiff/struct.TimeZone.html" > < code > integrations::jiff::TimeZone< / code > < / a > .< / p >
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