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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../quickstart.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Quickstart</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Type system</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/objects/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Objects</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/objects/complex_fields.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.1.</strong> Complex fields</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/objects/context.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.2.</strong> Context</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/objects/error/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.3.</strong> Error handling</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/objects/error/field.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.3.1.</strong> Field errors</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/objects/error/schema.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.3.2.</strong> Schema errors</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/objects/generics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.4.</strong> Generics</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/interfaces.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Interfaces</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/unions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Unions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/enums.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Enums</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/input_objects.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Input objects</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../types/scalars.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Scalars</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../schema/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Schema</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../schema/subscriptions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Subscriptions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../schema/introspection.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Introspection</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../serve/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Serving</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../serve/batching.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Batching</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../advanced/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Advanced Topics</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../advanced/implicit_and_explicit_null.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Implicit and explicit null</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../advanced/n_plus_1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> N+1 problem</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../advanced/dataloader.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.1.</strong> DataLoader</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../advanced/lookahead.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.2.</strong> Look-ahead</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../advanced/eager_loading.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.2.1.</strong> Eager loading</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
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<main>
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<h1 id="serving"><a class="header" href="#serving">Serving</a></h1>
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<p>Once we have built a <a href="../schema/index.html">GraphQL schema</a>, the next obvious step would be to serve it, so clients can interact with our <a href="https://graphql.org">GraphQL</a> API. Usually, <a href="https://graphql.org">GraphQL</a> APIs are served via <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP">HTTP</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="web-server-frameworks"><a class="header" href="#web-server-frameworks">Web server frameworks</a></h2>
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<p>Though the <a href="https://docs.rs/juniper"><code>juniper</code></a> crate doesn't provide a built-in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP">HTTP</a> server, the surrounding ecosystem does.</p>
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<h3 id="officially-supported"><a class="header" href="#officially-supported">Officially supported</a></h3>
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<p><a href="https://docs.rs/juniper">Juniper</a> officially supports the following widely used and adopted web server frameworks in <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org">Rust</a> ecosystem:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://docs.rs/actix-web"><code>actix-web</code></a> (<a href="https://docs.rs/juniper_actix"><code>juniper_actix</code></a> crate)</li>
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<li><a href="https://docs.rs/axum"><code>axum</code></a> (<a href="https://docs.rs/juniper_axum"><code>juniper_axum</code></a> crate)</li>
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<li><a href="https://docs.rs/hyper"><code>hyper</code></a> ([<code>juniper_hyper</code>] crate)</li>
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<li><a href="https://docs.rs/rocket"><code>rocket</code></a> (<a href="https://docs.rs/juniper_rocket"><code>juniper_rocket</code></a> crate)</li>
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<li><a href="https://docs.rs/warp"><code>warp</code></a> (<a href="https://docs.rs/juniper_warp"><code>juniper_warp</code></a> crate)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>See their API docs and usage examples (accessible from API docs) for further details of how they should be used.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: All the officially supported web server framework integrations provide a simple and convenient way for exposing <a href="https://github.com/graphql/graphiql">GraphiQL</a> and/or <a href="https://github.com/prisma/graphql-playground">GraphQL Playground</a> with the <a href="../schema/index.html">GraphQL schema</a> along. These powerful tools ease the development process by enabling you to explore and send client requests to the <a href="https://graphql.org">GraphQL</a> API under development.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="websocket"><a class="header" href="#websocket">WebSocket</a></h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket">WebSocket</a> is a crucial part for serving <a href="../schema/subscriptions.html">GraphQL subscriptions</a> over <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP">HTTP</a>.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>There are two widely adopted protocols for serving <a href="https://graphql.org">GraphQL</a> over <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket">WebSocket</a>:</p>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/apollographql/subscriptions-transport-ws/blob/v0.11.0/PROTOCOL.md">Legacy <code>graphql-ws</code> GraphQL over WebSocket Protocol</a>, formerly used by <a href="https://www.apollographql.com">Apollo</a> and the <a href="https://npmjs.com/package/subscriptions-transport-ws"><code>subscriptions-transport-ws</code> npm package</a>, and now being deprecated.</li>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/enisdenjo/graphql-ws/blob/v5.14.0/PROTOCOL.md">New <code>graphql-transport-ws</code> GraphQL over WebSocket Protocol</a>, provided by the <a href="https://npmjs.com/package/graphql-ws"><code>graphql-ws</code> npm package</a> and being used by <a href="https://www.apollographql.com">Apollo</a> as for now.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>In the <a href="https://docs.rs/juniper">Juniper</a> ecosystem, both implementations are provided by the <a href="https://docs.rs/juniper_graphql_ws"><code>juniper_graphql_ws</code></a> crate. Most of the <a href="#officially-supported">officially supported web server framework integrations</a> are able to serve a <a href="../schema/index.html">GraphQL schema</a> over <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket">WebSocket</a> (including <a href="../schema/subscriptions.html">subscriptions</a>) and even support <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API/Writing_WebSocket_servers#subprotocols">auto-negotiation of the correct protocol based on the <code>Sec-Websocket-Protocol</code> HTTP header value</a>. See their API docs and usage examples (accessible from API docs) for further details of how to do so.</p>
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<!-- Custom JS scripts -->
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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