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< ol class = "chapter" > < li class = "affix" > < a href = "index.html" > Introduction< / a > < / li > < li class = "affix" > < a href = "quickstart.html" class = "active" > Quickstart< / a > < / li > < li class = "affix" > < a href = "types/index.html" > Type System< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "types/objects/defining_objects.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.< / strong > Defining objects< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li > < a href = "types/objects/complex_fields.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.1.< / strong > Complex fields< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "types/objects/using_contexts.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.2.< / strong > Using contexts< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "types/objects/error_handling.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 1.3.< / strong > Error handling< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li > < a href = "types/other-index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.< / strong > Other types< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li > < a href = "types/enums.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.1.< / strong > Enums< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "types/interfaces.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.2.< / strong > Interfaces< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "types/input_objects.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.3.< / strong > Input objects< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "types/scalars.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.4.< / strong > Scalars< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "types/unions.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 2.5.< / strong > Unions< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li > < a href = "schema/schemas_and_mutations.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 3.< / strong > Schemas and mutations< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "servers/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.< / strong > Adding A Server< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li > < a href = "servers/official.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.< / strong > Official Server Integrations< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li > < a href = "servers/warp.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.1.< / strong > Warp< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "servers/rocket.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.2.< / strong > Rocket< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "servers/iron.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.3.< / strong > Iron< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "servers/hyper.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.1.4.< / strong > Hyper< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li > < a href = "servers/third-party.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 4.2.< / strong > Third Party Integrations< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li > < a href = "advanced/index.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.< / strong > Advanced Topics< / a > < / li > < li > < ol class = "section" > < li > < a href = "advanced/introspection.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.1.< / strong > Introspection< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "advanced/non_struct_objects.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.2.< / strong > Non-struct objects< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "advanced/objects_and_generics.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.3.< / strong > Objects and generics< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "advanced/multiple_ops_per_request.html" > < strong aria-hidden = "true" > 5.4.< / strong > Multiple operations per request< / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < / ol >
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< a class = "header" href = "#quickstart" id = "quickstart" > < h1 > Quickstart< / h1 > < / a >
< p > This page will give you a short introduction to the concepts in Juniper.< / p >
< a class = "header" href = "#installation" id = "installation" > < h2 > Installation< / h2 > < / a >
< p > !FILENAME Cargo.toml< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [dependencies]
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juniper = " 0.14.2"
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< / code > < / pre >
< a class = "header" href = "#schema-example" id = "schema-example" > < h2 > Schema example< / h2 > < / a >
< p > Exposing simple enums and structs as GraphQL is just a matter of adding a custom
derive attribute to them. Juniper includes support for basic Rust types that
naturally map to GraphQL features, such as < code > Option< T> < / code > , < code > Vec< T> < / code > , < code > Box< T> < / code > ,
< code > String< / code > , < code > f64< / code > , and < code > i32< / code > , references, and slices.< / p >
< p > For more advanced mappings, Juniper provides multiple macros to map your Rust
types to a GraphQL schema. The most important one is the
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[object][jp_object] procedural macro that is used for declaring an object with
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resolvers, which you will use for the < code > Query< / code > and < code > Mutation< / code > roots.< / p >
< pre > < pre class = "playpen" > < code class = "language-rust" > use juniper::{FieldResult};
# struct DatabasePool;
# impl DatabasePool {
# fn get_connection(& self) -> FieldResult< DatabasePool> { Ok(DatabasePool) }
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# fn find_human(& self, _id: & str) -> FieldResult< Human> { Err(" " )? }
# fn insert_human(& self, _human: & NewHuman) -> FieldResult< Human> { Err(" " )? }
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# }
#[derive(juniper::GraphQLEnum)]
enum Episode {
NewHope,
Empire,
Jedi,
}
#[derive(juniper::GraphQLObject)]
#[graphql(description=" A humanoid creature in the Star Wars universe" )]
struct Human {
id: String,
name: String,
appears_in: Vec< Episode> ,
home_planet: String,
}
// There is also a custom derive for mapping GraphQL input objects.
#[derive(juniper::GraphQLInputObject)]
#[graphql(description=" A humanoid creature in the Star Wars universe" )]
struct NewHuman {
name: String,
appears_in: Vec< Episode> ,
home_planet: String,
}
// Now, we create our root Query and Mutation types with resolvers by using the
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// object macro.
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// Objects can have contexts that allow accessing shared state like a database
// pool.
struct Context {
// Use your real database pool here.
pool: DatabasePool,
}
// To make our context usable by Juniper, we have to implement a marker trait.
impl juniper::Context for Context {}
struct Query;
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#[juniper::object(
// Here we specify the context type for the object.
// We need to do this in every type that
// needs access to the context.
Context = Context,
)]
impl Query {
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fn apiVersion() -> & str {
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" 1.0"
}
// Arguments to resolvers can either be simple types or input objects.
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// To gain access to the context, we specify a argument
// that is a reference to the Context type.
// Juniper automatically injects the correct context here.
fn human(context: & Context, id: String) -> FieldResult< Human> {
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// Get a db connection.
let connection = context.pool.get_connection()?;
// Execute a db query.
// Note the use of `?` to propagate errors.
let human = connection.find_human(& id)?;
// Return the result.
Ok(human)
}
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}
// Now, we do the same for our Mutation type.
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struct Mutation;
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#[juniper::object(
Context = Context,
)]
impl Mutation {
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fn createHuman(context: & Context, new_human: NewHuman) -> FieldResult< Human> {
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let db = executor.context().pool.get_connection()?;
let human: Human = db.insert_human(& new_human)?;
Ok(human)
}
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}
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// A root schema consists of a query and a mutation.
// Request queries can be executed against a RootNode.
type Schema = juniper::RootNode< 'static, Query, Mutation> ;
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# fn main() {
# let _ = Schema::new(Query, Mutation{});
# }
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< / code > < / pre > < / pre >
< p > We now have a very simple but functional schema for a GraphQL server!< / p >
< p > To actually serve the schema, see the guides for our various < a href = "./servers/index.html" > server integrations< / a > .< / p >
< p > You can also invoke the executor directly to get a result for a query:< / p >
< a class = "header" href = "#executor" id = "executor" > < h2 > Executor< / h2 > < / a >
< p > You can invoke < code > juniper::execute< / code > directly to run a GraphQL query:< / p >
< pre > < pre class = "playpen" > < code class = "language-rust" > # // Only needed due to 2018 edition because the macro is not accessible.
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# #[macro_use] extern crate juniper;
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use juniper::{FieldResult, Variables, EmptyMutation};
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#[derive(juniper::GraphQLEnum, Clone, Copy)]
enum Episode {
NewHope,
Empire,
Jedi,
}
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// Arbitrary context data.
struct Ctx(Episode);
impl juniper::Context for Ctx {}
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struct Query;
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#[juniper::object(
Context = Ctx,
)]
impl Query {
fn favoriteEpisode(context: & Ctx) -> FieldResult< Episode> {
Ok(context.0)
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}
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}
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// A root schema consists of a query and a mutation.
// Request queries can be executed against a RootNode.
type Schema = juniper::RootNode< 'static, Query, EmptyMutation< Ctx> > ;
fn main() {
// Create a context object.
let ctx = Ctx(Episode::NewHope);
// Run the executor.
let (res, _errors) = juniper::execute(
" query { favoriteEpisode }" ,
None,
& Schema::new(Query, EmptyMutation::new()),
& Variables::new(),
& ctx,
).unwrap();
// Ensure the value matches.
assert_eq!(
res,
graphql_value!({
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" favoriteEpisode" : " NEW_HOPE" ,
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})
);
}
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